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MENTAL MODEL · M8625

Equal-Field System

Equal-Field System
BehaviorHigh supportOrganizational Behavior
Included
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Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-28

CORE DEFINITION

The Equal-Field System was an important land system in China from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties. It originated in the Northern Wei, and was inherited by the Eastern Wei and Western Wei, which split from the Northern Wei, as well as the subsequent Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, and Sui and Tang dynasties. The Equal-Field System, implemented in conjunction with the Three Elders System, struck at the interests of local aristocratic families, restricted land annexation, and also strengthened the emerging landlord class mainly composed of self-cultivating farmers. With the development and growth of the landlord economy, new land annexation became increasingly serious. By the end of Wu Zetian's reign, the Equal-Field System existed in name only; in the first year of Jianzhong in the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang (780 AD), the Equal-Field System withdrew from the stage of Chinese history. Japan imitated the Equal-Field System to implement the Handen System, and Korea also imitated it to implement the Jeongjeon System. This system reappeared on the Korean Peninsula during the reign of King Jungjong of Joseon at the suggestion of Jo Gwang-jo.

SCAFFOLDING EFFECT

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The Equal-Field System was an important land system in China from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties. It originated in the Northern Wei, and was inherited by the Eastern Wei and Western Wei, which split from the Northern Wei, as well as the subsequent Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, and Sui and Tang dynasties. The Equal-Field System, implemented in conjunction with the Three Elders System, struck at the interests of local aristocratic families, restricted land annexation, and also strengthened the emerging landlord class mainly composed of self-cultivating farmers. With the development and growth of the landlord economy, new land annexation became increasingly serious. By the end of Wu Zetian's reign, the Equal-Field System existed in name only; in the first year of Jianzhong in the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang (780 AD), the Equal-Field System withdrew from the stage of Chinese history.

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The state controls unowned wasteland, periodically allocates it by population (adult males), sets limits on land ownership and encourages cultivation, thereby curbing powerful families' annexation and ensuring tax base and military sources. Its mechanism is "resource reset"—reallocating monopolized dormant resources to productive entities.

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Source support: Explicit

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    zh.wikipedia.orghttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%87%E7%94%B0%E5%88%B6ZH · Explicit
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