Efklides' Metacognitive Experiences
Updated 2026-08-11
INTRODUCTION
English translation pending.
CORE DEFINITION
Anastasia Efklides and colleagues developed the Metacognitive and Affective Model of Self-Regulated Learning (MASRL), which treats metacognitive experiences as a distinct class of signals alongside metacognitive knowledge and skills. Metacognitive experiences include feelings such as familiarity, difficulty, and confidence, judgments and estimates about the task, and online task-specific knowledge. Efklides emphasizes their affective character, long neglected in the literature. Unlike online task-specific knowledge, which is conscious and analytical, other metacognitive experiences arise from non-conscious, non-analytical processes. The model runs at two levels: the person level, carrying metacognitive knowledge, self-concept, affect, and motivation, and the task level, where moment-to-moment experience unfolds.
SCAFFOLDING EFFECT
Reduce cognitive load
- Use feeling checkpoints: pause mid-task and name whether the material feels fluent, confusing, or familiar. - Use signal reading: treat confusion as evidence about the task rather than a verdict on ability. - Use level linking: connect momentary experience to your longer-term self-concept and motivation.
Anchor fast decisions
Metacognitive experiences function as fast, low-cost feedback that runs before deliberate analysis is available. A feeling of difficulty or lack of familiarity signals that current processing is not producing comprehension, which prompts a strategy shift or more effort. Because these signals are partly affective, they also carry motivational weight: confidence sustains persistence while confusion can trigger either deeper processing or withdrawal. The person level modulates how the task-level signal is interpreted, so a negative self-concept can suppress the response the experience should provoke.
MINIMUM ACTION
In progress 0/1Practice this model in one real situation:
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Source support: Explicit
- doi.orghttps://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47676-2_16verified
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