Concept-Knowledge Theory
Updated 2026-08-09
INTRODUCTION
English translation pending.
CORE DEFINITION
C-K Theory is a design theory framework formally proposed by Armand Hatchuel and Benoit Weil of the Paris School of Mines in 2003. It defines two core spaces: the Concept Space, which holds propositions and design concepts whose truth is not yet settled, and the Knowledge Space, which holds knowledge already confirmed as true. Four basic operations connect them: C to C expands concepts by partitioning; K to K expands knowledge through deduction and induction; C to K turns a concept into knowledge through validation; and K to C uses existing knowledge to stimulate new concepts through association.
SCAFFOLDING EFFECT
Reduce cognitive load
- Separate the undetermined from the true: keep concepts and confirmed knowledge in two strictly distinct spaces. - Expand by partitioning: split concepts systematically to generate genuinely fresh design alternatives. - Validate before believing: move a concept into knowledge only after it survives real testing.
Anchor fast decisions
Built on the dual space of concept and knowledge. Concepts whose truth is undetermined sit in C while confirmed knowledge sits in K, and the four operations shuttle between them, treating design itself as a process of expanding knowledge.
MINIMUM ACTION
In progress 0/1Practice this model in one real situation:
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Source support: Explicit
- en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-K_theoryverified
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