Trembling Hand Perfect Equilibrium
Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-28
CORE DEFINITION
The trembling hand perfect equilibrium is a refinement of the Nash equilibrium proposed by German scholar Reinhard Selten. This concept suggests that, just as a trembling hand may fail to grasp an object in real life, in games one must consider that players may make slight mistakes that affect the overall outcome. A trembling hand equilibrium is one where the chosen strategy remains optimal even when such low-probability events occur.
SCAFFOLDING EFFECT
Reduce cognitive load
The trembling hand perfect equilibrium is a refinement of the Nash equilibrium proposed by German scholar Reinhard Selten. This concept suggests that, just as a trembling hand may fail to grasp an object in real life, in games one must consider that players may make slight mistakes that affect the overall outcome. A trembling hand equilibrium is one where the chosen strategy remains optimal even when such low-probability events occur.
Anchor fast decisions
In equilibrium, it is assumed that each player may 'tremble' and choose incorrectly with a small probability; a robust strategy must remain optimal under such perturbations. This eliminates equilibria that rely on the opponent never making mistakes.
MINIMUM ACTION
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Source support: Explicit
- zh.wikipedia.orghttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A4%E6%8A%96%E6%89%8B%E5%AE%8C%E7%BE%8E%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1verified
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