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MENTAL MODEL · M4461

The Great Oxygenation Event

The Great Oxygenation Event
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Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-28

CORE DEFINITION

The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), also known as the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Crisis, or Oxygen Revolution, refers to a period in Earth's geological history at the boundary between the Archean and Proterozoic eons when the appearance of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere caused a global chemical transformation of the environment. This process began approximately 2.46 to 2.426 billion years ago during the Siderian period and ended around 2.06 billion years ago in the Rhyacian period. Before this, the early atmosphere lacked free oxygen and was a secondary atmosphere composed mainly of reducing substances such as nitrogen, methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Because of oxygen's high reactivity, any free oxygen would quickly react with these reducing agents and be removed.

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The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), also known as the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Crisis, or Oxygen Revolution, refers to a period in Earth's geological history at the boundary between the Archean and Proterozoic eons when the appearance of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere caused a global chemical transformation of the environment.

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About 2.4 billion years ago, cyanobacteria released oxygen through photosynthesis, causing the first major rise in atmospheric oxygen levels, leading to the mass extinction of anaerobic organisms and reshaping the Earth's crust. The mechanism was oxygenic photosynthesis altering the redox state of the Earth.

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    zh.wikipedia.orghttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6ZH · Explicit
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