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MENTAL MODEL · M4101

Novikov Self-Consistency Principle

Novikov Self-Consistency Principle
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Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-28

CORE DEFINITION

The Novikov self-consistency principle (Russian: Принцип самосогласованности Новикова) is a principle regarding time paradoxes proposed by Russian theoretical physicist Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov in the 1980s. It states that a person can travel back in time, but cannot thereby change the course of history.

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The Novikov self-consistency principle (Russian: Принцип самосогласованности Новикова) is a principle regarding time paradoxes proposed by Russian theoretical physicist Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov in the 1980s. It states that a person can travel back in time, but cannot thereby change the course of history.

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The act of traveling back in time is itself part of history, so it is impossible to create a paradox that changes history; the universe ensures self-consistency through physical constraints, and the 'change' by free will is actually a predetermined part of history.

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Source support: Explicit

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    zh.wikipedia.orghttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E8%87%AA%E6%B4%BD%E6%80%A7%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99ZH · Explicit
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