Ladder of Inference
Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-30
CORE DEFINITION
When we think, we often make a series of dangerous leaps in an instant: 1. Observe data (He didn't reply to my email). 2. Select data (Ignoring that he might be busy). 3. Add meaning (He doesn't value me). 4. Make assumptions (He has a problem with me). 5. Draw conclusions (He is my enemy). 6. Take action (I'll stop contacting him). -
SCAFFOLDING EFFECT
Reduce cognitive load
Slow-motion deconstruction of misunderstanding.
Anchor fast decisions
Argyris's Ladder of Inference: People ascend from observation to action in an instant through a series of leaps—selecting data, adding meaning, making assumptions, drawing conclusions, and taking action, each step involving unspoken filtering and interpretation. The problem is that we climb the ladder too quickly, treating interpretations as facts, and then acting in ways that become self-fulfilling prophecies.
MINIMUM ACTION
In progress 0/1Practice this model in one real situation:
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Source support: Explicit
- en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Argyrisverified
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