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MENTAL MODEL · M2492

Self-Affirmation Theory

Self-Affirmation Theory
BehaviorHigh supportSocial Psychology
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Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-30

CORE DEFINITION

When a person's self-integrity is threatened (e.g., by criticism), affirming core values in other domains (e.g., "Even though I failed the exam, I am an honest person") can reduce defensiveness.

SCAFFOLDING EFFECT

psychology

Reduce cognitive load

Protect self-esteem. Before receiving negative feedback, self-affirmation can significantly reduce the "backfire effect," making us more open to criticism and improvement.

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Proposed by Steele et al.: When overall self-worth is threatened, affirming other important values can buffer defensiveness, restoring openness and willingness to change behavior.

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Source support: Explicit

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    en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-affirmationZH · Explicit
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