Expectancy Theory
Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-30
CORE DEFINITION
Vroom proposed that motivational force equals the product of valence, expectancy, and instrumentality; motivation depends on the judgment of the value of the goal and the likelihood of achieving it.
SCAFFOLDING EFFECT
Reduce cognitive load
Expectancy theory, also known as Valence-instrumentality-expectancy theory, is a motivation theory proposed by the famous American psychologist and behavioral scientist Victor Vroom in his 1964 book 'Work and Motivation'.
Anchor fast decisions
Vroom's expectancy theory: motivational strength = expectancy (effort can lead to performance) × instrumentality (performance can lead to outcomes) × valence (value of outcomes to the individual). If any of the three factors is near zero, motivation is near zero. The mechanism is the product of the three elements.
MINIMUM ACTION
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Source support: Explicit
- zh.wikipedia.orghttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E6%9C%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BAverified
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