MENTAL MODEL · M0599

Broaden-and-Build Theory

BehaviorHigh supportPositive Psychology

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Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-30

CORE DEFINITION

Negative emotions (fear/anger) narrow our attention to cope with survival crises; positive emotions (joy/interest) broaden our cognitive scope and help us build long-term physical, intellectual, and social resources.

SCAFFOLDING EFFECT

psychology

Reduce cognitive load

The utility of happiness: Happiness is not just pleasure; it is a survival reserve. Creating a happy atmosphere in a team can physically broaden employees' neural pathways, enhancing creative problem-solving abilities.

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Anchor fast decisions

Barbara Fredrickson proposed: Negative emotions trigger 'fight-or-flight' attentional narrowing (beneficial for immediate survival); positive emotions 'broaden' the immediate cognitive-behavioral repertoire (more open, creative, exploratory) and over time 'build' physical, intellectual, social, and psychological resources. Resource accumulation in turn enhances future positive emotions, forming an upward spiral.

MINIMUM ACTION

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Practice this model in one real situation:

Actively cultivate positive emotions (recognition, fun, meaning) in teams and individuals to broaden thinking rather than just adding pressure. Use positive emotions to enhance creative problem-solving. Identify and reduce chronic negative emotions that narrow attention. Treat 'happiness' as an investable resource-building activity, not a waste.

Check to track your progress (stored locally)

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Source support: Explicit

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en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broaden-and-buildZH · Explicit
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