Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Model
Updated 2026-08-10
INTRODUCTION
English translation pending.
CORE DEFINITION
The Paul-Elder critical thinking model, proposed by Richard Paul and Linda Elder, decomposes thinking into eight elements (purpose, question, information, concept, assumption, inference, point of view, and implication), evaluates each against nine intellectual standards (clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, logic, fairness, and significance), and grounds execution in seven intellectual traits such as humility and integrity, forming an audit loop for reasoning quality.
SCAFFOLDING EFFECT
Reduce cognitive load
- Fill the elements: name the purpose, question, assumption, and inference behind any reasoning - Score the standards: check each element for clarity, accuracy, relevance, and logic - Check the traits: ask whether humility and courage are present enough to face contrary evidence
Anchor fast decisions
The model separates thought into parts that can be examined one at a time, so quality becomes auditable rather than a vague impression. Elements expose what the reasoning is made of, standards score each part against a shared yardstick, and intellectual traits ensure the thinker actually applies the standards to their own side, closing the loop between skill and attitude.
MINIMUM ACTION
In progress 0/1Practice this model in one real situation:
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Source support: Explicit
- en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinkingverified
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