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MENTAL MODEL · M6861

Selection-Organization-Integration

Selection-Organization-Integration
Learn & MetacognitionmediumCognitive Psychology
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Updated 2026-08-10

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INTRODUCTION

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CORE DEFINITION

Mayer's SOI model is a cognitive account of multimedia learning. Selection filters relevant words and images into attention. Organisation arranges those elements into a coherent mental model in working memory. Integration connects that model to prior knowledge held in long-term memory. Grounded in cognitive load theory and dual coding, it holds that learning fails if any stage is blocked, so instructional design should reduce extraneous load and support each transition rather than adding more material.

SCAFFOLDING EFFECT

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Reduce cognitive load

- Use load reduction: strip irrelevant words and images out of the learning material. - Use structure support: segment content and use diagrams to support mental organisation. - Use integration prompt: ask learners to link the new material to their prior knowledge.

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Learning is multi-stage information processing. Selection brings relevant words and images into attention, organisation shapes them into a coherent mental model in working memory, and integration connects that model to prior knowledge in long-term memory. If any stage is blocked, learning does not properly occur, which is why redundancy harms rather than helps.

MINIMUM ACTION

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Source support: Explicit

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    en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._MayerZH · Explicit
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