Graphs with Results and Actions Inter-related

CORE DEFINITION

GRAI, short for Graphs with Results and Actions Inter-related, is an enterprise modeling method proposed by Guy Doumeingts in his 1984 doctoral thesis and later extended into the GRAI Integrated Methodology. It describes a company through four views: the functional view of activities and their flows, the physical view of resources and organization, the decisional view of decision centers and their planning horizons, and the information view of the systems that support decisions. The GRAI grid arranges decision centers against time horizons and periods, which exposes whether decisions at different levels are consistent with each other. The method assumes production systems fail through misalignment between decision levels rather than through any single weak function.