Driscoll's Reflective Model
Updated 2026-08-10
INTRODUCTION
English translation pending.
CORE DEFINITION
Driscoll's Reflective Model was proposed by John Driscoll in 1994 as a framework developed from Borton's What model. Its three core questions are What, asking what happened and describing the situation, event or experience; So What, asking what this means and analyzing and interpreting the significance of the experience; and Now What, asking what to do next and planning future action. Each question carries trigger sub-questions: What asks what was observed, what was felt and what the key moments were; So What asks what this means for self and others and how it connects to existing knowledge; and Now What asks about the concrete plan.
SCAFFOLDING EFFECT
Reduce cognitive load
- Use the trigger sub-questions: let them pull the real detail out of every stage. - Move beyond bare description: push into genuine meaning before you ever stop writing. - Land on a concrete plan: make the Now What step specific and actually doable.
Anchor fast decisions
Built on Borton's What model, it uses the three progressive questions of What, So What and Now What to turn experience into learning. Its mechanism is narrative reflection, moving from objective description to meaning-making to action, which closes the loop from experience to change.
MINIMUM ACTION
In progress 0/1Practice this model in one real situation:
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Source support: Explicit
- en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflective_practiceverified
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