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MENTAL MODEL · M5851

Hybrid Warfare

Hybrid Warfare
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Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-28

CORE DEFINITION

Hybrid warfare (Russian: Гибридная война), also known as "hybrid war," is a military strategic theory first proposed by Frank Hoffman. It employs political warfare, combining conventional warfare, irregular warfare, and cyber warfare with other means of influence (such as fake news), including diplomacy, law, and foreign electoral intervention. By combining kinetic actions with subversive actions, the attacker intends to avoid attribution or retaliation. The concept of hybrid warfare has been criticized by many scholars and practitioners for its alleged ambiguity, the contested nature of its constituent elements, and its alleged historical distortions.

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Hybrid warfare (Russian: Гибридная война), also known as "hybrid war," is a military strategic theory first proposed by Frank Hoffman. It employs political warfare, combining conventional warfare, irregular warfare, and cyber warfare with other means of influence (such as fake news), including diplomacy, law, and foreign electoral intervention. By combining kinetic actions with subversive actions, the attacker intends to avoid attribution or retaliation.

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A form of warfare that integrates multiple means such as conventional military, irregular (guerrilla), cyber, information-psychological warfare, and proxies, blurring the boundaries between wartime and peacetime, front and rear, and military and civilian, to achieve strategic goals at low intensity.

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Source support: Explicit

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    zh.wikipedia.orghttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89ZH · Explicit
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