Zomia
Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-28
CORE DEFINITION
Zomia, also translated as Zanmia, is a geographical term describing the inland mountainous regions of Southeast Asia, similar in concept to the Southeast Asian Massif, with history and culture distinct from the Southeast Asian lowlands. The scholar who proposed the concept of Zomia, James Scott, emphasized that the cultural commonality of Zomia's inhabitants is resistance to modernity. He believed that the people of Zomia are a group pursuing the 'art of not being governed', who deliberately evade the state apparatus in order to resist the rule and oppression of lowland lords, and focus on preserving and continuing their unique culture and way of life.
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Zomia, also translated as Zanmia, is a geographical term describing the inland mountainous regions of Southeast Asia, similar in concept to the Southeast Asian Massif, with history and culture distinct from the Southeast Asian lowlands. The scholar who proposed the concept of Zomia, James Scott, emphasized that the cultural commonality of Zomia's inhabitants is resistance to modernity. He believed that the people of Zomia are a group pursuing the 'art of not being governed', who deliberately evade the state apparatus in order to resist the rule and oppression of lowland lords, and focus on preserving and continuing their unique culture and way of life.
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The vast highland region of Southeast Asia, where residents actively maintain a 'stateless' life to escape state rule (taxes, corvée, slavery): living in inaccessible highlands, cultivating crops that are easy to flee, and having a flat social structure. It demonstrates that 'not being governed' is an active strategic choice.
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- zh.wikipedia.orghttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9Everified
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