Split-Brain
Updated 2026-08-08
INTRODUCTION
English translation pending.
CORE DEFINITION
Split-brain occurs when a network partition divides a cluster into subgroups that cannot communicate, so each subgroup concludes it is the only survivor and continues accepting writes. When connectivity returns, the divergent states must be reconciled, and unresolvable conflicts can cause data loss or corruption. Standard defenses include quorum-based arbitration, which permits writes only from the subgroup holding a majority, heartbeat detection, and fencing mechanisms that forcibly revoke a stale leader's access. Key qualification: the failure is a property of the network, not of the software, so prevention must assume partitions will occur.
SCAFFOLDING EFFECT
Reduce cognitive load
- Require a quorum: let only the subgroup holding a majority accept writes at any moment. - Fence the loser: cut off the stale leader's access before it can cause further damage. - Plan the merge: define conflict resolution rules before a partition actually happens.
Anchor fast decisions
When nodes cannot communicate, each subgroup lacks evidence that the other exists and therefore cannot distinguish being the survivor from being the isolated fragment. Continuing to accept writes maximizes local availability but creates two divergent histories. Only an external arbiter or a majority rule can break the symmetry, which is why quorum requirements and fencing are the standard defenses.
MINIMUM ACTION
In progress 0/1Practice this model in one real situation:
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Source support: Explicit
- en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-brainverified
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