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MENTAL MODEL · M4143

Working Memory Model

Working Memory Model
Learn & MetacognitionHigh supportCognitive Psychology
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Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-30

CORE DEFINITION

A model proposed by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch: working memory consists of four components: the central executive, the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, and the episodic buffer. This model explains how complex cognitive activities are performed while maintaining information, and is an important framework for understanding individual differences in cognitive ability.

SCAFFOLDING EFFECT

psychology

Reduce cognitive load

Cognitive load management. In complex learning, multitasking, and cognitive training, understanding the structure and limitations of working memory helps us improve cognitive efficiency by reducing cognitive load, optimizing information presentation, and utilizing multimodal encoding, thereby avoiding cognitive failures caused by exceeding working memory capacity.

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The Baddeley and Hitch model divides working memory into the central executive (attentional control), the phonological loop (verbal), the visuospatial sketchpad (imagery), and the episodic buffer (multimodal integration), emphasizing processing while maintaining information.

MINIMUM ACTION

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Source support: Explicit

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    en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baddeley%27s_model_of_working_memoryZH · Explicit
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