The Alignment Problem
Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-28
CORE DEFINITION
The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values is a 2020 non-fiction book by the American writer Brian Christian. It is based on numerous interviews with experts trying to build artificial intelligence systems, particularly machine learning systems, that are aligned with human values.
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The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values is a 2020 non-fiction book by the American writer Brian Christian. It is based on numerous interviews with experts trying to build artificial intelligence systems, particularly machine learning systems, that are aligned with human values.
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There is a semantic gap between the objective function and the intended goal; literal optimization objectives can lead to outcomes contrary to human values (reward hacking), because human values are difficult to fully encode.
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- en.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alignment_Problemverified
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