MENTAL MODEL · M0653

SECI Model

BusinessHigh supportManagement

Included

Version 1.0.0 · Updated 2026-07-30

CORE DEFINITION

Proposed by Ikujiro Nonaka. It describes the spiral process of conversion between tacit and explicit knowledge: Socialization (tacit to tacit, mentorship), Externalization (tacit to explicit, writing documents), Combination (explicit to explicit, organizing and compiling), and Internalization (explicit to tacit, learning by reading and reflection).

SCAFFOLDING EFFECT

psychology

Reduce cognitive load

- Organizational intelligence: explains why merely having a "document library" is not knowledge management. It is necessary to create a "Ba" (place) where employees can share tacit knowledge through face-to-face conversation and collaboration (socialization), which cannot be easily articulated.

anchor

Anchor fast decisions

Knowledge undergoes four conversions between "tacit and explicit" to form a "knowledge spiral": Socialization (tacit to tacit, sharing experiences), Externalization (tacit to explicit, expressing through metaphors/models), Combination (explicit to explicit, systematic compilation), and Internalization (explicit to tacit, absorbing through practice). The "Ba"—a shared context and space—is the social foundation for these conversions to occur.

MINIMUM ACTION

In progress 0/4

Practice this model in one real situation:

Create a shared experience space to facilitate socialization
Use metaphors, analogies, or models to externalize tacit knowledge
Combine explicit knowledge into systems (documents, manuals)
Employees internalize explicit knowledge into their own abilities through practice.

Check to track your progress (stored locally)

Learning progress0%

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Source support: Explicit

link
zh.wikipedia.orghttps://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SECI%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8BZH · Explicit
verified

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